Zoe Lofgren
Democrat · CA-18 · House of Representatives
31 years in office
Quylt Score
Score Breakdown
Last updated: April 29, 2026
Reflects official Senate/House Ethics Committee records. Recent actions may not yet be reflected.
Quylt Scores update as official government data becomes available. Ethics records may lag 30–90 days from official committee publication.
Committee Assignments (2)
Sponsored Legislation (250)
HR 8111 — Bankruptcy Venue Reform Act
Introduced 2026-03-26 · Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.
Finance and Financial SectorHJRES 154 — Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to the Adverse Effect Wage Rate.
Introduced 2026-03-26 · Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.
Labor and EmploymentHR 8014 — Online Privacy Act of 2026
Introduced 2026-03-19 · Referred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce, and in addition to the Committees on the Judiciary, and Science, Space, and Technology, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.
Science, Technology, CommunicationsHR 7836 — Real Courts, Rule of Law Act of 2026
Introduced 2026-03-05 · Referred to the Committee on the Judiciary, and in addition to the Committee on the Budget, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.
ImmigrationHR 6870 — GRACE Act
Introduced 2025-12-18 · Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.
ImmigrationHR 6207 — Chip EQUIP Act
Introduced 2025-11-20 · Referred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce, and in addition to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.
Foreign Trade and International FinanceHR 5449 — Redistricting Reform Act of 2025
Introduced 2025-09-18 · Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.
Government Operations and PoliticsHR 4999 — Fusion Workforce Act
Introduced 2025-08-19 · Referred to the House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology.
Science, Technology, CommunicationsHR 4696 — Renewing Immigration Provisions of the Immigration Act of 1929
Introduced 2025-07-23 · Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.
ImmigrationHR 3227 — Farm Workforce Modernization Act of 2025
Introduced 2025-05-07 · Referred to the Committee on the Judiciary, and in addition to the Committees on Ways and Means, Education and Workforce, and Financial Services, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.
ImmigrationHR 2946 — Clean Energy Victory Bond Act of 2025
Introduced 2025-04-17 · Referred to the Committee on Ways and Means, and in addition to the Committees on Energy and Commerce, and Science, Space, and Technology, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.
EnergyHR 2729 — Carnivals are Real Entertainment Act
Introduced 2025-04-08 · Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.
ImmigrationHRES 244 — Recognizing the cultural and historical significance of Nowruz.
Introduced 2025-03-24 · Referred to the House Committee on Foreign Affairs.
International AffairsHR 2207 — Saving DOE’s Workforce Act
Introduced 2025-03-18 · Referred to the House Committee on Energy and Commerce.
Government Operations and PoliticsHR 2208 — Saving NSF’s Workforce Act
Introduced 2025-03-18 · Referred to the House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology.
Science, Technology, CommunicationsHR 2210 — Saving NASA’s Workforce Act
Introduced 2025-03-18 · Referred to the House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology.
Science, Technology, CommunicationsHR 2209 — Saving NIST’s Workforce Act
Introduced 2025-03-18 · Referred to the House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology.
Science, Technology, CommunicationsHR 2211 — Saving NOAA’s Workforce Act
Introduced 2025-03-18 · Referred to the Committee on Natural Resources, and in addition to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.
Water Resources DevelopmentHR 791 — Foreign Anti-Digital Piracy Act
Introduced 2025-01-28 · Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.
CommerceHR 9215 — Workforce for AI Trust Act
Introduced 2024-07-30 · Ordered to be Reported by Voice Vote.
Science, Technology, CommunicationsHR 8897 — ZZZ’s to A’s Act
Introduced 2024-06-28 · Referred to the House Committee on Education and the Workforce.
EducationHR 8826 — Chip EQUIP Act
Introduced 2024-06-25 · Referred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce, and in addition to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.
Foreign Trade and International FinanceHR 7806 — Justice for the Living Victims of Lockerbie Act
Introduced 2024-03-22 · Referred to the House Committee on Foreign Affairs.
International AffairsHR 7724 — Real Courts, Rule of Law Act of 2024
Introduced 2024-03-19 · Referred to the Committee on the Judiciary, and in addition to the Committee on the Budget, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.
ImmigrationHRES 1066 — Calling for the immediate release of Mahmood Habibi, a United States citizen, who was wrongfully detained by the Taliban on August 10, 2022, and condemning the wrongful detention of United States citizens by the Taliban.
Introduced 2024-03-07 · Referred to the House Committee on Foreign Affairs.
International AffairsHR 7173 — GRACE Act
Introduced 2024-01-31 · Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.
ImmigrationHR 6195 — Wildland Firefighter Fair Pay Act
Introduced 2023-11-02 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Forestry.
Government Operations and PoliticsHR 5618 — Clean Energy Victory Bond Act of 2023
Introduced 2023-09-21 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Energy, Climate and Grid Security.
EnergyHR 4143 — National Construction Safety Team Enhancement Act of 2024
Introduced 2023-06-15 · Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.
Science, Technology, CommunicationsHRES 587 — Expressing support for the designation of the week of March 25 through March 31, 2024, as "National Farmworker Awareness Week".
Introduced 2023-07-13 · Referred to the House Committee on Agriculture.
Agriculture and FoodHR 4584 — National Wildland Fire Risk Reduction Program Act
Introduced 2023-07-12 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Economic Development, Public Buildings, and Emergency Management.
Public Lands and Natural ResourcesHR 4319 — Farm Workforce Modernization Act of 2023
Introduced 2023-06-23 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Social Security.
ImmigrationHR 3457 — SUPERSAFE Act
Introduced 2023-05-18 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Environment, Manufacturing, and Critical Materials.
Environmental ProtectionHR 1787 — Carnivals are Real Entertainment Act
Introduced 2023-03-24 · Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.
ImmigrationHR 1511 — Renewing Immigration Provisions of the Immigration Act of 1929
Introduced 2023-03-09 · Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.
ImmigrationHRES 215 — Recognizing the cultural and historical significance of Nowruz.
Introduced 2023-03-09 · Referred to the House Committee on Foreign Affairs.
International AffairsHR 1017 — Bankruptcy Venue Reform Act
Introduced 2023-02-14 · Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.
Finance and Financial SectorHR 9685 — Refugee Protection Act of 2022
Introduced 2022-12-22 · Referred to the Committee on the Judiciary, and in addition to the Committees on Ways and Means, the Budget, Foreign Affairs, and Education and Labor, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.
ImmigrationHRES 1516 — Approving certain regulations to implement provisions of the Congressional Accountability Act of 1995 relating to the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 with respect to employees of the House of Representatives covered under section 202 of the Act and relating to the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 with respect to employees of the House of Representatives covered under section 203 of the Act, and for other purposes.
Introduced 2022-12-12 · Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 1518, H. Res. 1516 is considered passed House. (consideration: CR text: H9752-9803; text: CR H9752-9803)
CongressHRES 1495 — Designating the caucus room in the Cannon House Office Building as the "Speaker Nancy Pelosi Caucus Room".
Introduced 2022-11-29 · Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 1499, H. Res. 1495 is considered passed House. (consideration: CR H8660; text: CR H8660)
CongressHR 8990 — Combatting Financial Conflicts of Interest in Government Act
Introduced 2022-09-28 · Referred to the Committee on Oversight and Reform, and in addition to the Committees on House Administration, the Judiciary, and Ways and Means, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.
Government Operations and PoliticsHR 8873 — Presidential Election Reform Act
Introduced 2022-09-19 · Received in the Senate.
Government Operations and PoliticsHR 8787 — ZZZ’s to A’s Act
Introduced 2022-09-09 · Referred to the House Committee on Education and Labor.
EducationHR 8716 — Justice for the Living Victims of Lockerbie Act
Introduced 2022-08-16 · Referred to the House Committee on Foreign Affairs.
LawHR 8433 — Renewing Immigration Provisions of the Immigration Act of 1929
Introduced 2022-07-20 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Immigration and Citizenship.
ImmigrationHRES 1035 — Adjusting the amount provided for the expenses of certain committees of the House of Representatives in the One Hundred Seventeenth Congress.
Introduced 2022-04-06 · Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 1065, H. Res. 1035 is considered passed House. (consideration: CR H4594; text: CR H4594)
CongressHR 7374 — Jumpstart Act
Introduced 2022-04-04 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Immigration and Citizenship.
ImmigrationHCONRES 82 — Authorizing the printing of a revised and updated version of the House document entitled "Black Americans in Congress, 1870-1989".
Introduced 2022-03-31 · Message on Senate action sent to the House.
CongressHCONRES 69 — Providing for a joint session of Congress to receive a message from the President.
Introduced 2022-02-07 · Message on Senate action sent to the House.
CongressHRES 908 — Recognizing February 4th as "Saka Nakodar Day".
Introduced 2022-02-04 · Referred to the House Committee on Oversight and Reform.
International AffairsHR 6577 — Real Courts, Rule of Law Act of 2022
Introduced 2022-02-03 · Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 468.
Immigration—
Introduced 2022-02-02 · On agreeing to the Lofgren amendments (A004) Failed by the Yeas and Nays: 204 - 225 (Roll no. 20).
HR 5781 — National Wildland Fire Risk Reduction Program Act
Introduced 2021-10-28 · Ordered to be Reported in the Nature of a Substitute (Amended) by Voice Vote.
Public Lands and Natural ResourcesHR 5782 — FIRE Act of 2021
Introduced 2021-10-28 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Economic Development, Public Buildings, and Emergency Management.
Emergency ManagementHR 5780 — Disaster Equity and Fairness Act
Introduced 2021-10-28 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Economic Development, Public Buildings, and Emergency Management.
Emergency ManagementHR 4681 — LIKE Act
Introduced 2021-07-26 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Immigration and Citizenship.
ImmigrationHR 4274 — Wildland Firefighter Fair Pay Act
Introduced 2021-06-30 · Subcommittee Hearings Held.
Government Operations and PoliticsHR 5564 — Cameroon TPS Act of 2021
Introduced 2021-10-12 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Immigration and Citizenship.
ImmigrationHR 4964 — Treatment Court, Rehabilitation, and Recovery Act of 2021
Introduced 2021-08-06 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security.
Crime and Law EnforcementHR 4193 — Bankruptcy Venue Reform Act of 2021
Introduced 2021-06-28 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Antitrust, Commercial, and Administrative Law.
LawHRES 485 — Providing amounts for the expenses of the Select Committee on Economic Disparity and Fairness in Growth.
Introduced 2021-06-22 · Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 486, H. Res. 485 is considered passed House. (consideration: CR H3024-3026; text: CR H3026)
CongressHR 3886 — Clean Energy Victory Bond Act of 2021
Introduced 2021-06-15 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Energy.
EnergyHR 3871 — To authorize the Secretary of Education to provide grants for education programs on the history of the treatment of Italian Americans during World War II.
Introduced 2021-06-14 · Referred to the House Committee on Education and Labor.
Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority IssuesHR 3872 — To apologize for the treatment of Italian Americans during World War II.
Introduced 2021-06-14 · Referred to the Subcommittee on the Constitution, Civil Rights, and Civil Liberties.
Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority IssuesHR 3648 — EAGLE Act of 2022
Introduced 2021-06-01 · POSTPONED PROCEEDINGS - Pursuant to clause 1(c) of rule XIX, further proceedings on H.R. 3648 were postponed.
ImmigrationHRES 379 — Dismissing the election contest relating to the office of Representative from the Fourteenth Congressional District of Illinois.
Introduced 2021-05-11 · Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 380, H. Res. 379 is considered passed House. (consideration: CR H2226-2235; text: CR H2235)
CongressHCONRES 30 — Providing for a joint session of Congress to receive a message from the President.
Introduced 2021-04-20 · Message on Senate action sent to the House.
CongressHRES 316 — Providing for the expenses of certain committees of the House of Representatives in the One Hundred Seventeenth Congress.
Introduced 2021-04-14 · Discharged from House Calendar.
CongressHRES 308 — Providing amounts for the expenses of the Committee on House Administration in the One Hundred Seventeenth Congress.
Introduced 2021-04-13 · Referred to the House Committee on House Administration.
CongressHR 2237 — GRACE Act
Introduced 2021-03-26 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Immigration and Citizenship.
ImmigrationHRES 257 — Requiring each Member, officer, and employee of the House of Representatives to complete a program of training in workplace rights and responsibilities each session of each Congress, and for other purposes.
Introduced 2021-03-19 · Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
CongressHRES 237 — Recognizing the cultural and historical significance of Nowruz.
Introduced 2021-03-16 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Middle East, North Africa and Global Counterterrorism.
International AffairsHR 1603 — Farm Workforce Modernization Act of 2021
Introduced 2021-03-08 · Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.
Immigration—
Introduced 2021-03-03 · On agreeing to the Lofgren amendments (A009) Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: 223 - 208 (Roll no. 58).
HR 1537 — To amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to provide for terms and conditions for nonimmigrant workers performing agricultural labor or services, and for other purposes.
Introduced 2021-03-03 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Immigration and Citizenship.
Immigration—
Introduced 2021-03-02 · On agreeing to the Lofgren amendments (A006) Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: 221 - 207 (Roll no. 55).
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Introduced 2021-03-02 · On agreeing to the Lofgren amendments (A002) Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: 218 - 210 (Roll no. 52).
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Introduced 2021-03-02 · On agreeing to the Lofgren amendments (A003) Agreed to by voice vote.
HCONRES 10 — Permitting the remains of the late United States Capitol Police Officer Brian D. Sicknick to lie in honor in the rotunda of the Capitol.
Introduced 2021-02-01 · Message on Senate action sent to the House.
CongressHR 8089 — Emergency Stopgap USCIS Stabilization Act
Introduced 2020-08-22 · Received in the Senate.
ImmigrationHR 8459 — Judicial Ads Act
Introduced 2020-09-30 · Referred to the House Committee on House Administration.
Government Operations and PoliticsHR 8344 — Election Mail Act of 2020
Introduced 2020-09-22 · Referred to the Committee on House Administration, and in addition to the Committee on Oversight and Reform, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.
Government Operations and PoliticsHRES 1103 — Expressing support for the designation of the third week of September as National Student Sleep Health Week.
Introduced 2020-09-11 · Referred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce, and in addition to the Committee on Education and Labor, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.
HealthHR 8078 — Emergency Stopgap USCIS Stabilization Act
Introduced 2020-08-21 · Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.
ImmigrationHR 7427 — ACCESS Act
Introduced 2020-06-30 · Referred to the Committee on House Administration, and in addition to the Committees on Oversight and Reform, and the Judiciary, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.
Government Operations and PoliticsHCONRES 92 — Authorizing the printing of a revised and updated version of the House document entitled "Women in Congress, 1917-2006".
Introduced 2020-02-26 · Message on Senate action sent to the House.
CongressHRES 812 — Making a technical correction to the SFC Sean Cooley and SPC Christopher Horton Congressional Gold Star Family Fellowship Program Act.
Introduced 2020-01-27 · Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
CongressHR 5675 — Safeguarding Americans' Private Records Act of 2020
Introduced 2020-01-24 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Oversight, Management, and Accountability.
Armed Forces and National SecurityHRES 761 — Permitting individuals to be admitted to the Hall of the House in order to obtain footage of the House in session for inclusion in the orientation film to be shown to visitors at the Capitol Visitor Center.
Introduced 2019-12-11 · Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 765, H. Res. 761 is considered passed House. (consideration: CR H10316; text: CR H10316)
CongressHR 5277 — To amend section 442 of title 18, United States Code, to exempt certain interests in mutual funds, unit investment trusts, employee benefit plans, and retirement plans from conflict of interest limitations for the Government Publishing Office.
Introduced 2019-12-03 · Became Public Law No: 116-78.
Crime and Law EnforcementHR 5210 — Refugee Protection Act of 2019
Introduced 2019-11-21 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Immigration and Citizenship.
ImmigrationHRES 693 — Authorizing the Director of the Office of Diversity and Inclusion and the Director of the Office of the Whistleblower Ombudsman to each appoint and fix the pay of employees of their respective Offices.
Introduced 2019-11-13 · Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 695, H. Res. 693 is considered passed House. (consideration: CR H8845; text: CR H8845)
CongressHR 5038 — Farm Workforce Modernization Act of 2019
Introduced 2019-11-12 · Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.
ImmigrationHR 4916 — Farm Workforce Modernization Act of 2019
Introduced 2019-10-30 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Immigration and Citizenship.
ImmigrationHR 4617 — Stopping Harmful Interference in Elections for a Lasting Democracy Act
Introduced 2019-10-08 · Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Rules and Administration.
Government Operations and PoliticsHR 4421 — Bankruptcy Venue Reform Act of 2019
Introduced 2019-09-19 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Antitrust, Commercial, and Administrative Law.
LawHRES 563 — Recognizing the Office of the Legislative Counsel of the House of Representatives on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the Office.
Introduced 2019-09-18 · Referred to the House Committee on House Administration.
Government Operations and PoliticsHRES 532 — Proposing a strategy to make Medicare available to all Americans.
Introduced 2019-07-30 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Health.
HealthHR 4041 — Clean Energy Victory Bond Act of 2019
Introduced 2019-07-25 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Energy.
Energy—
Introduced 2019-07-24 · On agreeing to the Lofgren amendment (A003) Agreed to by voice vote.
HR 3914 — To apologize for the treatment of Italian Americans during World War II.
Introduced 2019-07-23 · Referred to the Subcommittee on the Constitution, Civil Rights, and Civil Liberties.
Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority IssuesHR 3913 — To authorize the Secretary of Education to provide grants for education programs on the history of the treatment of Italian Americans during World War II.
Introduced 2019-07-23 · Referred to the House Committee on Education and Labor.
Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority IssuesHCONRES 51 — Calling on President Donald J. Trump to comply with the Emoluments Clause of the United States Constitution.
Introduced 2019-06-28 · Referred to the House Committee on Oversight and Reform.
Government Operations and PoliticsHR 3572 — Redistricting Reform Act of 2019
Introduced 2019-06-27 · Referred to the Subcommittee on the Constitution, Civil Rights, and Civil Liberties.
Government Operations and PoliticsHR 3524 — Northern Triangle and Border Stabilization Act
Introduced 2019-06-27 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Border Security, Facilitation, and Operations.
International AffairsHRES 420 — Permitting official photographs of the House of Representatives to be taken while the House is in actual session on a date designated by the Speaker.
Introduced 2019-06-04 · Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
CongressHRES 399 — Supporting the goals and ideals of International Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Awareness Day.
Introduced 2019-05-22 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Health.
HealthHR 2722 — Securing America’s Federal Elections Act
Introduced 2019-05-14 · Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Rules and Administration.
Government Operations and PoliticsHR 2146 — GRACE Act
Introduced 2019-04-09 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Immigration and Citizenship.
ImmigrationHR 1861 — ZZZ’s to A’s Act
Introduced 2019-03-25 · Referred to the House Committee on Education and Labor.
EducationHRES 245 — Providing for the expenses of certain committees of the House of Representatives in the One Hundred Sixteenth Congress.
Introduced 2019-03-21 · Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
CongressHRES 244 — Providing amounts for the expenses of the Committee on House Administration in the One Hundred Sixteenth Congress.
Introduced 2019-03-21 · Referred to the House Committee on House Administration.
CongressHRES 238 — Recognizing the cultural and historical significance of Nowruz.
Introduced 2019-03-14 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Middle East, North Africa and International Terrorism.
Arts, Culture, ReligionHRES 226 — Electing Members to the Joint Committee of Congress on the Library and the Joint Committee on Printing.
Introduced 2019-03-13 · Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
Congress—
Introduced 2019-03-07 · On agreeing to the Lofgren amendments (A021) Agreed to by voice vote.
HR 5800 — Secure Data Act of 2014
Introduced 2014-12-04 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, Homeland Security, and Investigations.
Science, Technology, CommunicationsHR 5678 — ZZZ's to A's Act
Introduced 2014-09-19 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Early Childhood, Elementary, and Secondary Education.
EducationHR 4645 — EV-COMUTE Act
Introduced 2014-05-09 · Referred to the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform.
Government Operations and PoliticsHR 4506 — For the relief of Antonia Esmeralda Aguilar Belmontes.
Introduced 2014-04-28 · Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.
Private LegislationHR 4426 — Clean Energy Victory Bond Act of 2014
Introduced 2014-04-08 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Energy and Power.
TaxationHR 4176 — Science Laureates of the United States Act of 2014
Introduced 2014-03-06 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Research and Technology.
Science, Technology, CommunicationsHR 3035 — Surveillance Order Reporting Act of 2013
Introduced 2013-08-02 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, Homeland Security, and Investigations.
Armed Forces and National SecurityHR 2758 — Redistricting Reform Act of 2013
Introduced 2013-07-19 · Referred to the Subcommittee on the Constitution and Civil Justice.
CongressHR 2466 — Private Right of Action Against Theft of Trade Secrets Act of 2013
Introduced 2013-06-20 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, Homeland Security, and Investigations.
Crime and Law EnforcementHR 2454 — Aaron's Law Act of 2013
Introduced 2013-06-20 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, Homeland Security, and Investigations.
Crime and Law EnforcementHR 2309 — Wireless Tax Fairness Act of 2013
Introduced 2013-06-11 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Regulatory Reform, Commercial And Antitrust Law.
TaxationHR 1891 — Science Laureates of the United States Act of 2013
Introduced 2013-05-08 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Research and Technology.
Science, Technology, CommunicationsHR 1892 — Unlocking Technology Act of 2013
Introduced 2013-05-08 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Courts, Intellectual Property, and the Internet.
CommerceHR 1682 — FREE Vietnam Act
Introduced 2013-04-23 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Trade.
Foreign Trade and International FinanceHR 1365 — Refugee Protection Act of 2013
Introduced 2013-03-21 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Immigration And Border Security.
ImmigrationHR 983 — Online Communications and Geolocation Protection Act
Introduced 2013-03-06 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, Homeland Security, And Investigations.
Crime and Law EnforcementHR 889 — Global Free Internet Act of 2013
Introduced 2013-02-28 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Courts, Intellectual Property, And The Internet.
Foreign Trade and International FinanceHR 6529 — ECPA 2.0 Act of 2012
Introduced 2012-09-21 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security.
Crime and Law EnforcementHR 6530 — Global Free Internet Act of 2012
Introduced 2012-09-21 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Intellectual Property, Competition and the Internet.
Foreign Trade and International FinanceHR 6412 — Attracting the Best and Brightest Act of 2012
Introduced 2012-09-14 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Immigration Policy and Enforcement.
ImmigrationHR 5156 — Amerasian Paternity Recognition Act of 2012
Introduced 2012-04-27 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Immigration Policy and Enforcement.
ImmigrationHR 5157 — FREE Vietnam Act
Introduced 2012-04-27 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Trade.
Foreign Trade and International FinanceHR 3138 — American Innovation in Manufacturing Act
Introduced 2011-10-06 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Technology and Innovation.
CommerceHR 3119 — Protecting American Families and Businesses Act of 2011
Introduced 2011-10-06 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Immigration Policy and Enforcement.
ImmigrationHR 3120 — Student Visa Reform Act
Introduced 2011-10-06 · Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.
ImmigrationHR 2805 — Doctors for Underserved Areas in America Act
Introduced 2011-08-05 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Immigration Policy and Enforcement.
ImmigrationHR 2185 — Refugee Protection Act of 2011
Introduced 2011-06-15 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Immigration Policy and Enforcement.
ImmigrationHR 2161 — IDEA Act of 2011
Introduced 2011-06-14 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Workforce Protections.
ImmigrationHR 1002 — Wireless Tax Fairness Act of 2011
Introduced 2011-03-10 · Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Finance.
TaxationHR 590 — Redistricting Reform Act of 2011
Introduced 2011-02-09 · Referred to the Subcommittee on the Constitution.
CongressHR 398 — To amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to toll, during active-duty service abroad in the Armed Forces, the periods of time to file a petition and appear for an interview to remove the conditional basis for permanent resident status, and for other purposes.
Introduced 2011-01-24 · Became Public Law No: 112-58.
ImmigrationHRES 709 — Welcoming His Holiness, Hadhrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad, the worldwide spiritual and administrative head of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, to Washington, DC, and recognizing his commitment to world peace, justice, nonviolence, human rights, religious freedom, and democracy.
Introduced 2012-06-27 · Referred to the House Committee on Foreign Affairs.
International AffairsHRES 690 — Recognizing the Proclamation of the Refugee Congress.
Introduced 2012-06-19 · Referred to the House Committee on Foreign Affairs.
International AffairsHR 1044 — Fairness for High-Skilled Immigrants Act of 2020
Introduced 2019-02-07 · Message on Senate action sent to the House.
ImmigrationHRES 86 — Providing amounts for the expenses of the Select Committee on the Climate Crisis and the Select Committee on the Modernization of Congress.
Introduced 2019-01-29 · Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 105, H. Res. 86 is considered passed House.
CongressHR 641 — Agricultural Worker Program Act of 2019
Introduced 2019-01-17 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Immigration and Citizenship.
ImmigrationHRES 30 — Requiring each Member, officer, and employee of the House of Representatives to complete a program of training in workplace rights and responsibilities each session of each Congress, and for other purposes.
Introduced 2019-01-08 · Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
CongressHR 7239 — Securing Social Security Numbers Act
Introduced 2018-12-10 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Social Security.
CommerceHR 7219 — No Guns for Terrorists Act of 2018
Introduced 2018-12-06 · Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.
Crime and Law EnforcementHR 5823 — Secure Data Act of 2018
Introduced 2018-05-15 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, Homeland Security, and Investigations.
Government Operations and PoliticsHR 5586 — Clean Energy Victory Bond Act of 2018
Introduced 2018-04-23 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Energy.
EnergyHR 4124 — USA RIGHTS Act
Introduced 2017-10-25 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, Homeland Security, and Investigations.
Armed Forces and National SecurityHRES 497 — Urging the Vice President and the Cabinet to fulfill their duties pursuant to Section 4 of the 25th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
Introduced 2017-08-18 · Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.
Government Operations and PoliticsHR 3639 — Science Laureates of the United States Act of 2017
Introduced 2017-08-01 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Research and Technology.
Science, Technology, CommunicationsHR 2245 — ZZZ's to A's Act
Introduced 2017-04-28 · Referred to the House Committee on Education and the Workforce.
EducationHR 2043 — Fair Day in Court for Kids Act of 2017
Introduced 2017-04-06 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Immigration and Border Security.
ImmigrationHR 1707 — To apologize for the treatment of Italian Americans during World War II.
Introduced 2017-03-23 · Referred to the Subcommittee on the Constitution and Civil Justice.
Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority IssuesHR 1706 — To authorize the Secretary of Education to provide grants for education programs on the history of the treatment of Italian Americans during World War II.
Introduced 2017-03-23 · Referred to the House Committee on Education and the Workforce.
Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority IssuesHRES 211 — Recognizing the cultural and historical significance of Nowruz.
Introduced 2017-03-20 · Referred to the House Committee on Foreign Affairs.
Arts, Culture, ReligionHR 1503 — SOLVE Act 2.0 of 2017
Introduced 2017-03-10 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Immigration and Border Security.
ImmigrationHR 1102 — Redistricting Reform Act of 2017
Introduced 2017-02-16 · Referred to the Subcommittee on the Constitution and Civil Justice.
CongressHR 920 — Protecting Our Border Communities Act of 2017
Introduced 2017-02-07 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Immigration and Border Security.
ImmigrationHR 921 — Community Trust Act of 2017
Introduced 2017-02-07 · Referred to the Committee on the Judiciary, and in addition to the Committees on Foreign Affairs, and Oversight and Government Reform, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.
ImmigrationHR 724 — SOLVE Act of 2017
Introduced 2017-01-30 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Immigration and Border Security.
ImmigrationHR 670 — High-Skilled Integrity and Fairness Act of 2017
Introduced 2017-01-24 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Immigration and Border Security.
ImmigrationHR 5850 — Secure the Northern Triangle Act
Introduced 2016-07-14 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Early Childhood, Elementary, and Secondary Education.
International AffairsHR 5851 — Refugee Protection Act of 2016
Introduced 2016-07-14 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Human Resources.
ImmigrationHR 5766 — Amerasian Paternity Recognition Act of 2016
Introduced 2016-07-13 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Immigration and Border Security.
ImmigrationHRES 646 — Expressing the position of the House of Representatives in the matter of United States, et al. v. Texas, et al., No. 15-674.
Introduced 2016-03-16 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Immigration and Border Security.
CongressHR 4646 — Fair Day in Court for Kids Act of 2016
Introduced 2016-02-26 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Immigration and Border Security.
ImmigrationHR 4287 — Wireless Tax Fairness Act of 2015
Introduced 2015-12-17 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Regulatory Reform, Commercial And Antitrust Law.
TaxationHR 4162 — Clean Energy Victory Bond Act of 2015
Introduced 2015-12-02 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Energy and Power.
TaxationHR 4146 — To authorize the Secretary of Education to provide grants for education programs on the history of the treatment of Italian Americans during World War II.
Introduced 2015-12-01 · Referred to the House Committee on Education and the Workforce.
Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority IssuesHR 4147 — To apologize for the treatment of Italian Americans during World War II.
Introduced 2015-12-01 · Referred to the Subcommittee on the Constitution and Civil Justice.
Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority IssuesHR 4069 — No Guns for Terrorists Act of 2015
Introduced 2015-11-18 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, Homeland Security, and Investigations.
Crime and Law EnforcementHR 3509 — EV-COMUTE Act
Introduced 2015-09-15 · Referred to the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform.
Government Operations and PoliticsHR 3370 — EB-JOBS Act of 2015
Introduced 2015-07-29 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Immigration and Border Security.
ImmigrationHR 2402 — Protecting Critical Infrastructure Act
Introduced 2015-05-18 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Energy and Power.
EnergyHR 2173 — Redistricting Reform Act of 2015
Introduced 2015-04-30 · Referred to the Subcommittee on the Constitution and Civil Justice.
CongressHR 1918 — Aaron's Law Act of 2015
Introduced 2015-04-21 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, Homeland Security, and Investigations.
Crime and Law EnforcementHR 1587 — Unlocking Technology Act of 2015
Introduced 2015-03-24 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Courts, Intellectual Property, and the Internet.
CommerceHR 1306 — ZZZ's to A's Act
Introduced 2015-03-04 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Early Childhood, Elementary, and Secondary Education.
EducationHR 1307 — Global Free Internet Act of 2015
Introduced 2015-03-04 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Regulatory Reform, Commercial And Antitrust Law.
Foreign Trade and International FinanceHR 726 — Secure Data Act of 2015
Introduced 2015-02-04 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, Homeland Security, and Investigations.
Science, Technology, CommunicationsHR 689 — Surveillance Order Reporting Act of 2015
Introduced 2015-02-03 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, Homeland Security, and Investigations.
Armed Forces and National SecurityHR 6327 — Free File Reform Act of 2006
Introduced 2006-11-15 · Referred to the House Committee on Ways and Means.
TaxationHR 5959 — TEAM up for Energy Independence Act
Introduced 2006-07-28 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Energy and Air Quality, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Chairman .
TaxationHR 5184 — Consumer Cancellation Fairness Act
Introduced 2006-04-25 · Referred to the House Committee on Energy and Commerce.
CommerceHR 4837 — Affordable College Education Act of 2006
Introduced 2006-03-01 · Referred to the House Committee on Ways and Means.
TaxationHR 4536 — Benefit Authors without Limiting Advancement or Net Consumer Expectations (BALANCE) Act of 2005
Introduced 2005-12-14 · Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.
CommerceHR 4094 — Redistricting Reform Act of 2005
Introduced 2005-10-20 · Referred to the Subcommittee on the Constitution.
CongressHR 3634 — To establish, not less than 1 but not more than 3, National Transportation Security Research Centers at institutions of higher education.
Introduced 2005-07-29 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Emergency Preparedness, Science, and Technology.
Transportation and Public WorksHR 3171 — VAWA 2005 Reauthorization Act
Introduced 2005-06-30 · Sponsor introductory remarks on measure. (CR H8427)
Crime and Law EnforcementHR 2687 — Amerasian Naturalization Act
Introduced 2005-05-26 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Immigration, Border Security, and Claims.
ImmigrationHR 2408 — Public Domain Enhancement Act
Introduced 2005-05-17 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Courts, the Internet, and Intellectual Property.
CommerceHR 1793 — Fueling the U.S.A. Through Unlimited Reliable Energy Act of 2005
Introduced 2005-04-21 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Energy.
EnergyHR 1172 — Unaccompanied Alien Child Protection Act of 2005
Introduced 2005-03-08 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Immigration, Border Security, and Claims.
ImmigrationHJRES 49 — Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States regarding the appointment of individuals to serve as Members of the House of Representatives when, in a national emergency, a significant number of Members are unable to serve due to death, resignation, or incapacity.
Introduced 2005-05-12 · Referred to the Subcommittee on the Constitution.
CongressHJRES 50 — Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to abolish the Electoral College and to provide for the direct election of the President and Vice President of the United States.
Introduced 2005-05-12 · Referred to the Subcommittee on the Constitution.
Government Operations and PoliticsHRES 750 — Honoring the life and achievements of Alfred Ernest Alquist and expressing sorrow on his death.
Introduced 2006-03-30 · Referred to the House Committee on Government Reform.
CommemorationsHCONRES 200 — Expressing the sense of Congress that secondary schools should consider starting school after 9:00 in the morning.
Introduced 2005-06-30 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Education Reform.
EducationHR 656 — Online Communications and Geolocation Protection Act
Introduced 2015-02-02 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, Homeland Security, and Investigations.
Crime and Law EnforcementHRES 204 — Expressing support for designation of May 13, 2015, as a national day of celebration of the diversity in the United States, known as Diversity Day in the Nation.
Introduced 2015-04-15 · Referred to the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform.
Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues—
Introduced 2009-03-05 · On agreeing to the Lofgren, Zoe amendment (A001) as modified Agreed to by recorded vote: 263 - 164 (Roll no. 100). (text as modified: CR H3001-3004)
HR 6396 — To amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to toll, during active-duty service abroad in the Armed Forces, the periods of time to file a petition and appear for an interview to remove the conditional basis for permanent resident status, and for other purposes.
Introduced 2010-11-15 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Immigration, Citizenship, Refugees, Border Security, and International Law.
ImmigrationHR 6357 — To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to exclude from gross income discharge of indebtedness incurred for purposes of paying long-term care expenses.
Introduced 2010-09-29 · Referred to the House Committee on Ways and Means.
TaxationHR 5694 — One Global Internet Act of 2010
Introduced 2010-07-01 · Referred to House Judiciary
Foreign Trade and International FinanceHR 5596 — Redistricting Reform Act of 2010
Introduced 2010-06-24 · Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.
CongressHR 5532 — International Adoption Harmonization Act of 2010
Introduced 2010-06-15 · Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.
ImmigrationHR 4641 — Robocall Privacy Act of 2010
Introduced 2010-02-22 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security.
Government Operations and PoliticsHR 4543 — To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 4285 Payne Avenue in San Jose, California, as the "Anthony J. Cortese Post Office Building".
Introduced 2010-01-27 · Became Public Law No: 111-276.
Government Operations and PoliticsHR 4381 — H-2B Program Reform Act of 2009
Introduced 2009-12-16 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Immigration, Citizenship, Refugees, Border Security, and International Law.
ImmigrationHR 3177 — Fusion Engineering Science and Fusion Energy Planning Act of 2009
Introduced 2009-07-10 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Energy and Environment.
Science, Technology, CommunicationsHR 3059 — Access to Repair Parts Act
Introduced 2009-06-25 · Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.
CommerceHR 2728 — William Orton Law Library Improvement and Modernization Act
Introduced 2009-06-04 · Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Rules and Administration.
CongressHR 2269 — Gulf Coast Civic Works Act
Introduced 2009-05-06 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Workforce Protections.
Labor and EmploymentHR 2244 — Single Parent Protection Act of 2009
Introduced 2009-05-05 · Referred to the House Committee on Ways and Means.
TaxationHR 1719 — Voter Registration Modernization Act of 2009
Introduced 2009-03-25 · Referred to the House Committee on House Administration.
Government Operations and PoliticsHR 1521 — Cell Tax Fairness Act of 2009
Introduced 2009-03-16 · Forwarded by Subcommittee to Full Committee by Voice Vote .
TaxationHR 1196 — To authorize the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives to carry out a series of demonstration projects to promote the use of innovative technologies in reducing energy consumption and promoting energy efficiency and cost savings in the House of Representatives.
Introduced 2009-02-25 · Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 114.
CongressHR 1127 — To extend certain immigration programs.
Introduced 2009-02-23 · Became Public Law No: 111-9.
ImmigrationHR 1104 — For the relief of Mikael Adrian Christopher Figueroa Alvarez.
Introduced 2009-02-13 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Immigration, Citizenship, Refugees, Border Security, and International Law.
Private LegislationHR 151 — Daniel Webster Congressional Clerkship Act of 2009
Introduced 2009-01-06 · Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Rules and Administration.
CongressHRES 1737 — In the matter of Representative Charles B. Rangel.
Introduced 2010-11-29 · Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
CongressHRES 1397 — Electing a Member to certain standing committees of the House of Representatives.
Introduced 2010-05-26 · Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
CongressHRES 1117 — Commending and congratulating the California State University system on the occasion of its 50th anniversary.
Introduced 2010-02-25 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Higher Education, Lifelong Learning, and Competitiveness.
EducationHRES 1050 — Providing amounts for further expenses of the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct in the One Hundred Eleventh Congress.
Introduced 2010-02-02 · Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
CongressHRES 935 — Honoring John E. Warnock, Charles M. Geschke, Forrest M. Bird, Esther Sans Takeuchi, and IBM Corporation for receiving the 2008 National Medal of Technology and Innovation.
Introduced 2009-11-19 · Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
Science, Technology, CommunicationsHRES 843 — Supporting the goals and ideals of Toastmasters International and celebrating its 85th anniversary.
Introduced 2009-10-15 · Referred to the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform.
EducationHRES 145 — Providing amounts for the expenses of the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct in the One Hundred Eleventh Congress.
Introduced 2009-02-10 · Referred to the House Committee on House Administration.
CongressHCONRES 176 — Zzz's to A's Resolution
Introduced 2009-07-31 · Referred to the House Committee on Education and Labor.
Education—
Introduced 2008-04-24 · On agreeing to the Lofgren, Zoe amendment (A008) Agreed to by voice vote.
—
Introduced 2007-07-25 · On agreeing to the Lofgren, Zoe amendment (A010) Agreed to by recorded vote: 388 - 39 (Roll no. 725).
HR 6589 — Charles H.W. Meehan Law Library Improvement and Modernization Act
Introduced 2008-07-23 · Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 578.
CongressHR 6588 — Electronic Device Privacy Act of 2008
Introduced 2008-07-23 · Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.
LawHR 6474 — To authorize the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives to carry out a series of demonstration projects to promote the use of innovative technologies in reducing energy consumption and promoting energy efficiency and cost savings in the House of Representatives.
Introduced 2008-07-10 · Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 575.
CongressHR 6475 — Daniel Webster Congressional Clerkship Act of 2008
Introduced 2008-07-10 · Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Rules and Administration.
CongressHR 6339 — FEDVOTE Act of 2008
Introduced 2008-06-20 · Reported (Amended) by the Committee on House Administration. H. Rept. 110-886, Part I.
Government Operations and PoliticsHR 6039 — To amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to authorize certain aliens who have earned a master's or higher degree from a United States institution of higher education in a field of science, technology, engineering, or mathematics to be admitted for permanent residence.
Introduced 2008-05-13 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Immigration, Citizenship, Refugees, Border Security, and International Law.
ImmigrationHR 6020 — Lance Corporal Jose Gutierrez Act of 2008
Introduced 2008-05-08 · Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 587.
ImmigrationHR 5950 — Detainee Basic Medical Care Act of 2008
Introduced 2008-05-01 · Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.
ImmigrationHR 5921 — High Skilled Per Country Level Elimination Act
Introduced 2008-04-29 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Immigration, Citizenship, Refugees, Border Security, and International Law.
ImmigrationHR 5882 — To recapture employment-based immigrant visas lost to bureaucratic delays and to prevent losses of family- and employment-based immigrant visas in the future.
Introduced 2008-04-23 · Forwarded by Subcommittee to Full Committee (Amended) by the Yeas and Nays: 8 - 1 .
ImmigrationHR 5837 — To make technical corrections to section 1244 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008, which provides special immigrant status for certain Iraqis, and for other purposes.
Introduced 2008-04-17 · Referred to the Subcommittee on Immigration, Citizenship, Refugees, Border Security, and International Law.
ImmigrationHR 5803 — To direct the Election Assistance Commission to establish a program to make grants to participating States and units of local government which will administer the regularly scheduled general election for Federal office held in November 2008 for carrying out a program to make backup paper ballots available in the case of the failure of a voting system or voting equipment in the election or some other emergency situation, and for other purposes.
Introduced 2008-04-15 · On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill Failed by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 248 - 170 (Roll no. 493).
Government Operations and Politics